Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: CD47 Enhances Cell Viability and Migration Ability but Inhibits Apoptosis in Endometrial Carcinoma Cells via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01525

Figure Lengend Snippet: CD47 up-regulation inhibited apoptosis in HEC-1A and Ishikawa cells. (A,B) Up-regulation of CD47 inhibited cell apoptosis in Ishikawa cell line. (C,D) CD47 overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis in HEC-1A cell line. * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: The cell cycle of transfected HEC-1A and Ishikawa cells were analyzed using the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Analysis Kit (Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China), according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Techniques: Over Expression

Journal: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Ginsenoside Rg3 induced immunogenic cell death in CRC cells. (A) IC50 of Rg3 for CT26 and HCT116 cells at 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). (B) Apoptosis (%) in CT26 and HCT116 cells following treatment of Rg3 at 6, 12 and 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to DMSO. (C) The activity of UPR signaling pathways following treatment of Rg3 ([c] Z 30 mmol/L) at 6, 12 and 24 h. The quantification was demonstrated in Fig. S1. (D) The characterization of ICD in CRC cells following treatment of Rg3 ([c] Z 30 mmol/L), including CRT exposure (6 h), ATP secretion (12 h) and HMGB1 release (12 h). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 relative to DMSO; scale bar Z 20 mm. (E) The expression of CD11c and CD86 in DCs stimulated with the supernatant from Rg3 ([c] Z 30 mmol/L) -treated cells (24 h). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). **P < 0.01 relative to DMSO. (F) The in vivo vaccination assay using BALB/C and nude mice. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 4). ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: DNA fragments were detected using the TransDetect Fluorescein TUNEL Cell Apoptosis Kit (TransGen Biotech), and nuclei were stained with DAPI (Beyotime Biotech), for confocal microscopic analysis (Olympus); 2) Measurement of immune cells.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing, In Vivo

Journal: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 Quercetin caused reactive oxygen species in CRC cells. (A) IC50 of QTN for CT26 and HCT116 cells at 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). (B) Apoptosis (%) in CT26 and HCT116 cells following treatment of QTN ([c] Z 80 mmol/L) at 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). **P < 0.01 relative to DMSO. (C) The activity of Bcl-2/BAX/caspase 9/caspase 3 signaling pathways following treatment of QTN ([c] Z 80 mmol/L) at 6, 12 and 24 h. The quantification was demonstrated in Fig. S2. (D) The ROS level in CT26 and HCT116 cells following treatment of QTN ([c] Z 80 mmol/L) at 6, 12 and 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 relative to DMSO. (E) Cell viability (%) of CT26 and HCT116 cells with or without NAC prior to treatment of QTN ([c] Z 80 mmol/L) (24 h). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to untreated control. (F) Apoptosis (%) in CT26 and HCT116 cells with or without NAC prior to treatment of QTN ([c] Z 80 mmol/L) (24 h). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to untreated control.

Article Snippet: DNA fragments were detected using the TransDetect Fluorescein TUNEL Cell Apoptosis Kit (TransGen Biotech), and nuclei were stained with DAPI (Beyotime Biotech), for confocal microscopic analysis (Olympus); 2) Measurement of immune cells.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Protein-Protein interactions, Control

Journal: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Synergistic effects of Rg3 and QTN in CT26 cells. (A) IC50 of drug combination at 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). CI values at IC50 were shown in Fig. S3. (B) Apoptosis (%) caused by drug combination at 24 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to DMSO. (C) The CRT exposure with or without NAC before treatment of drug combination (6 h). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 relative to DMSO; scale bar Z 20 mm. (D) The ATP secretion with or without NAC before treatment of drug combination at 12 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3).*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, between NAC and No NAC. (E) The HMGB1 release with or without NAC before treatment of drug combination at 12 h. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, between NAC and No NAC. (F) The expression of CD11c and CD86 in DCs stimulated (24 h) by the supernatant from Rg3- treated cells with or without pretreatment of NAC. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, relative to DMSO.

Article Snippet: DNA fragments were detected using the TransDetect Fluorescein TUNEL Cell Apoptosis Kit (TransGen Biotech), and nuclei were stained with DAPI (Beyotime Biotech), for confocal microscopic analysis (Olympus); 2) Measurement of immune cells.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: A cyclodextrin-based nanoformulation achieves co-delivery of ginsenoside Rg3 and quercetin for chemo-immunotherapy in colorectal cancer.

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.06.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8 Combination therapy of targeted co-formulation and Anti-PD-L1 for CRC. (A) Treatment schedule and IVIS images. (B) The CRC progression over a 35-day period. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 5). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; NS, no significance. (C) Animal survival (median survival: PBS ~38 days, Anti-PD-L1 ~40 days, targeted co-formulation ~62 days, and combination z 96 days). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 5). **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. (D) Immunofluorescent staining assay (green Z DNA fragments and blue Z nuclei) on Day 20 to assess apoptosis in the tumor (scale bar Z 50 mm). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 3). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, relative to PBS. (E) Level of immune cells in the tumor on Day 20 was analyzed using flow cytometry (BD). Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; NS, no significance. (F) The mRNA expression of cytokines and chemokines in the tumor on Day 20 was analyzed using real time RT-PCR. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; NS, no significance. (G) Orthotopic CRC mice treated with targeted co-formulation following the removal of CD4 þ or CD8þ T cells. Data are presented as mean SD (n Z 4). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01; NS, no significance.

Article Snippet: DNA fragments were detected using the TransDetect Fluorescein TUNEL Cell Apoptosis Kit (TransGen Biotech), and nuclei were stained with DAPI (Beyotime Biotech), for confocal microscopic analysis (Olympus); 2) Measurement of immune cells.

Techniques: Formulation, Staining, Cytometry, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Comprehensive analysis of lactylation-related gene sets and mitochondrial functions in gastric adenocarcinoma: implications for prognosis and therapeutic strategies

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1451725

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) RT-qPCR detected the knock-down efficiency of PTMA in NCI-N87 and MKN45 cell lines. (B) Cell viability of the MKN45 cell line before and after PTMA knockdown was detected by CCK8. (C) The cell viability of the NCI-N87 cell line before and after PTMA knockdown was detected by CCK8. (D) The apoptosis level of the MKN45 cell line before and after PTMA knockdown was detected by flow cytometry. (E) Western blot analysis assessed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins before and after PTMA knockdown in the MKN45 cell line. “**” denotes statistical significance (“**” p < 0.01). Sample sizes are indicated within the plots. Statistical comparisons were made using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Article Snippet: Following the manufacturer’s instructions, a Cell Apoptosis Detection Kit with Annexin V-mCherry and SYTOX Green (Beyotime, Shanghai, China) was used to identify cell apoptosis.

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Knockdown, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Expressing